HD1 is the farthest object in spacewhich we have noticed. Astronomers from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics found its effect in images taken from many of the most powerful telescopes on Earth.

They decided to look at it with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submatrix (ALMA) in Chile. Notes showed that It is 33.4 billion light years away from us. This is more than 100 million light-years away from the previous record holder, the galaxy GN-z11. The newly discovered galaxy HD1 is surprisingly bright in terms of ultraviolet (UV) light – very bright.

If the source of such intense radiation was star formation, HD1 would need to form more than a hundred stars per year. This, according to astrophysicists, is an insane number. There are only a few of them in our galaxy. More is formed in the so-called star-forming galaxies after the collision of two (or more) galaxies, as a very intense process of formation of new stars occurs. These galaxies, among others, the Cigar Galaxy and the Cigarette Galaxy. About a hundred stars are formed in it annually.

Another explanation is that Very young and massive stars are forming in the HD1 galaxyHence, they mainly emit ultraviolet rays. However, the formation of such stars has not been observed.

This could be another solution to the puzzle At the heart of the HD1 galaxy is a supermassive black hole. The radiation will then come from the accelerating rush of gas around it. However, it is not known how such a huge object could form so quickly – the light that reaches us from HD1 comes from a time when the universe was only 330 million years old.

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Astronomers will surely be watching the newly discovered galaxy closely. Solving the mystery of its extraordinary brightness will shed much light on the processes of star formation and supermassive black holes in the early universe.

The researchers plan to look at HD1 and two nearby galaxies, HD2 and HD3, using the Webb Space Telescope. For now, they have to make hypotheses.

Explaining the nature of such distant objects is very difficult, says Fabio Bauci, lead author of the paper describing HD1. It’s like guessing the flag of a ship that can be seen far out at sea in the mist when standing on the shore. Sometimes you can see the color of the flag, but you can’t see the details. He adds that ruling out improbable hypotheses is a long and arduous work.